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On this date, Oct. 18, in historical past:

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In 1534, Paul III was elected Pope. He reformed the Catholic Church and forbade the observe of promoting church appointments and non secular favours. Nonetheless, he was unable to heal the rift of the Reformation.

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In 1646, Rev. Isaac Jogues, 39, a Jesuit priest and founding father of the Mohawk mission, was killed in Midland, Ont. He was thought-about a sorcerer by the Mohawks for spreading smallpox throughout an earlier peace mission. They killed him with a hatchet blow to the top. The Iroquois additionally blamed him for the drought and famine that adopted his earlier go to. In 1930, Jogues and 7 different martyrs of the Huron missions had been canonized.

In 1685, King Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes which had established the authorized toleration of France’s Protestant inhabitants, the Hugenots. Hundreds fled the nation, enormously weakening the financial system.

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In 1748, France and Britain signed the “Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle,” beneath which Louisbourg, N.S., was returned to France in return for Madras, India.

In 1867, america accomplished the acquisition of Alaska from Russia.

In 1892, the primary long-distance phone line between New York and Chicago was formally opened (it may solely deal with one name at a time).

In 1901, Nicholas Flood Davin, often known as the voice of the Northwest in Parliament, dedicated suicide. He shot himself in a Winnipeg lodge room.

In 1919, Pierre Elliot Trudeau was born in Montreal. Nicely-educated and rich, he taught regulation in Montreal earlier than getting into Parliament as a Liberal MP in 1965. He grew to become justice minister in 1967 and succeeded Lester B. Pearson as Liberal chief and prime minister the next 12 months. Trudeau was Canada’s first prime minister born within the twentieth century. His authorities’s legacy consists of the 1969 Official Languages Act, and the 1982 patriation of the Structure with the addition of the Constitution of Rights and Freedoms. Trudeau remained in workplace till his 1984 retirement, aside from a quick interval when the Conservatives held energy in 1979-80. He he died of most cancers in Montreal on Sept. 28, 2000.

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In 1929, the Privy Council of Britain, reversing a choice of the Supreme Court docket of Canada, dominated that Canadian ladies had been “individuals” and will change into senators. It referred to as the exclusion of girls from public workplace “a relic of days extra barbarous than ours.” The choice led to the appointment of Cairine Wilson as the primary lady member of the Higher Home.

In 1931, American Thomas Edison — who patented greater than 1,000 innovations, together with the electrical mild bulb — died at age 84.

In 1940, the wartime Vichy authorities in France beneath the Nazis launched anti-Semitic legal guidelines. The regulation acknowledged that Jews had been to be excluded from public service and positions of authority in trade and the media.

In 1951, Canada agreed to keep up a military and air drive in Europe beneath NATO.

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In 1957, the Montreal Herald closed after 146 years of publication.

In 1959, first footage of the far aspect of the moon had been proven from the Soviet satellite tv for pc Lunik III.

In 1962, Dr. James D. Watson of the U.S. and Drs. Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins of Britain had been named winners of the Nobel Prize for Drugs and Physiology for his or her work in figuring out the double-helix molecular construction of DNA.

In 1965, Abraham Okpik of Yellowknife grew to become the primary Inuk to be appointed to the Northwest Territories council.

In 1968, the primary dwell telecast from a manned U.S. spacecraft was transmitted from Apollo 7.

In 1977, New York Yankees outfielder Reggie Jackson tied Babe Ruth’s World Collection report with three dwelling runs — all first pitches within the 4th, fifth and eighth innings — in Sport 6 versus Los Angeles. The host Yankees received the sport 8-4 to take the sequence in six video games.

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In 1981, Andreas Papandreou, who taught economics at York College in Toronto within the early ’70s, was elected premier of Greece.

In 1989, East Germany’s hardline Communist chief Erich Honecker was compelled out of workplace and changed by Egon Krenz. Honecker had dominated for 18 years and steadfastly refused to permit reforms to happen in East Germany.

In 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan formally claimed independence from the Soviet Union.

In 1991, the Soviet Union resumed full diplomatic relations with Israel — severed 24 years earlier after Israel’s navy victory within the 1967 Mideast battle.

In 2007, former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan, ending eight years of self-imposed exile; a suicide bombing in a crowd welcoming her killed greater than 140 individuals, however Bhutto escaped unharmed.

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In 2008, the Canadian authorities determined so as to add bisphenol A to the nation’s listing of poisonous substances, making Canada the primary nation to categorise it as dangerous. Bisphenol A, the chemical constructing block for polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, was broadly utilized in nearly all meals cans offered in Canada.

In 2009, Jessica Watson, a 16-year-old Australian, steered her shiny pink yacht out of Sydney Harbor to begin her bid to change into the youngest particular person to sail solo and unassisted all over the world. (She succeeded, returning to Sydney Harbor in Could 2010.)

In 2010, Russell Williams, former airbase commander of CFB Trenton earlier than his arrest in February, pleaded responsible in a Belleville, Ont., courtroom to 2 counts of first-degree homicide within the deaths of Jessica Lloyd and Cpl. Marie-France Comeau, sexually assaulting and confining two others, and 82 fetish break and enters. Over the subsequent a number of days, disturbing and graphic proof was introduced on how his sexual fetish of breaking into properties and photographing himself carrying stolen ladies’s lingerie escalated to sexual assault and homicide.

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In 2010, Naheed Nenshi, a 38-year-old enterprise professor, was elected mayor of Calgary. He was believed to be the primary Muslim mayor of a serious Canadian metropolis.

In 2010, practically seven years after the RCMP raided the B.C. Legislature of their investigation of the $1-billion sale of BC Rail, the corruption trial of three former B.C. authorities aides ended when Dave Basi and Bobby Virk entered shock responsible pleas to 4 counts linked to breach of belief and accepting rewards or advantages. Aneal Basi was accused of cash laundering however fees towards him had been dropped.

In 2010, Quebec premier Jean Charest invoked closure to ram a brand new language regulation by the legislature. It could enable immigrant households to use to ship their youngsters to English public faculty — in the event that they first spent three years in an costly, unsubsidized English non-public faculty, after which met sure standards.

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In 2011, the federal authorities tabled its long-promised invoice to finish the Canadian Wheat Board’s 60-year monopoly on western wheat and barley gross sales. It could enable western farmers the identical proper to decide on the place to promote their grain as farmers elsewhere have already got. (The invoice handed a Commons vote on Nov. 28, by a 153-120 margin. The Senate gave it royal assent on Dec. 15 and it took impact on Aug. 1, 2012.)

In 2013, after 4 years of protracted negotiations, Canada and the European Union reached an settlement in precept on a brand new free-trade deal that proponents say may improve Canada’s gross home product by $12 billion and assist create 80,000 jobs. (It got here into impact on Sept. 21, 2017)

In 2017, the Quebec Nationwide Meeting handed a spiritual neutrality invoice that may oblige residents to uncover their faces whereas giving and receiving state companies.

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In 2017, Gilbert Rozon, a large within the Quebec leisure trade and founding father of the Simply For Laughs comedy pageant, introduced he was stepping down from numerous positions amid what he referred to as “allegations involving him.” The subsequent day, a minimum of 9 ladies got here ahead with sexual harassment and sexual assault allegations.

In 2018, Coalition Avenir Quebec chief Francois Legault promised to convey renewal and alter to the province’s politics as he was sworn in as premier. Legault supplied assurances that despite the fact that his celebration was handed a big majority within the Oct. 1 election, he would search consensus for his reforms.

In 2019, Oracle CEO Mark Hurd died. The 62-year-old had been on medical go away, and the corporate didn’t disclose a reason for demise. Hurd led two high-profile Silicon Valley firms — Oracle and laptop maker Hewlett-Packard. He joined Oracle as co-president in 2010 a month after resigning from H-P after accusations of sexual harassment by a feminine contract employee and findings of inaccurate expense experiences related to outings with the contractor. HP’s inventory worth greater than doubled throughout Hurd’s five-year stint as CEO, including about $50 billion to the corporate’s market worth.

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In 2020, two males had been arrested in reference to violent disputes over Indigenous fishing rights in Nova Scotia. Police stated they charged a 46-year-old man with assault towards an area Indigenous chief, and one other man with arson after clashes outdoors lobster kilos. Nova Scotia Premier Stephen McNeil stated the province is working with Ottawa to convey the edges collectively and resolve the dispute by respectful dialogue.

In 2021, former U.S. secretary of state and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Employees Colin Powell died from problems associated to COVID-19. His household stated the 84-year-old was absolutely vaccinated. The status of the primary African-American to serve in each posts suffered when he went earlier than the United Nations in 2003 and made defective claims to justify the U.S. battle in Iraq. Powell cited defective data claiming Saddam Hussein had secretly stashed away weapons of mass destruction.

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In 2021, Russia suspended its mission to NATO and closed NATO’s navy liaison and knowledge places of work in Moscow. International Minister Sergey Lavrov stated the strikes had been in response to NATO’s current determination to expel eight members of Russia’s mission to the navy alliance. NATO stated the eight had been secretly working as intelligence officers.

In 2021, Hong Kong banned all direct flights from Vancouver operated by Air Canada for 2 weeks in response to an imported COVID-19 case. The territory’s Well being Division web site stated officers detected practically 60 imported instances of an infection within the first two weeks of this month, together with one passenger that was aboard an Oct. 13 Air Canada flight from Vancouver.

In 2021, the prime minister obtained fairly the scolding throughout a go to to a First Nation in Kamloops, B.C. Justin Trudeau was publicly reprimanded for vacationing in Tofino on Canada’s first Nationwide Day for Reality and Reconciliation. Trudeau had declined an invite to affix the Indigenous group’s Sept. 30 occasion.

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